Cattle
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Cattle
An acute infectious disease of artiodactyl animals caused by FMD virus, forming blisters in the mouth, interdigit portion of hoof and skin. Occurs a disorder of development, milk secretion, movement and breeding, etc in cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep, goats, camels, reindeer by infection. Many sensitive animal species, including wild animals, contagious virus type is much stronger then the defenses are extremely difficult. The country did not occur until now has strict quarantine of livestock and livestock products in development countries.
1. Agent
Piconaviridae , Aphthovirus RNA virus. In seven major foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes and the 80 subtypes known over a stable pH 7.4-7.6, in an acidic less pH6 or alkalinea more than pH9.5 or is rapidly destroyed. The incubation period is up to 14 days.
< FMDV Serotype, Subtype and Geographical Distribution >
2 .Epidemiology
World wide occurs currently.
3. Mode of Transmission
1) Direct contact, Air transmission
2) Movement of the foot-and-mouth disease infected is a major cause of the transmission at a high speed to a distance.
3) Indirect Transmission : Contaminated housing, vehicles, feces, semen, milk, clothing, bird, person, contaminated food debris (ships, aircraft, etc.).
* High humidity and low temperatures increases the possibility of up to a foot-and-mouth disease propagation distances.
4. Clinical Signs
1) Cattle
① Body temperature increase, anorexia, depressed, shows a drastic reduction of milk production.
② Onset of severe salivation after the infection within 24 hours, observing that the tongue and gums and blisters ③ Blisters is also observed at hoof, interdigit and nipple, etc..
Blisters soon rupture and often progress to skin ulceration revealed.
④ Sometimes mortality in calves less than 6 months by myocarditis, the characteristic lesions that appear in the myocardium is called the tiger heart.
⑤ Morbidity is high and mortality low. Young calf mortality is high compared with adult cow.
⑥ Cow mortality is very low at less than 5% and often caused abortion in pregnant cow.
⑦ Mastitis and milk production quick drop.
2) Pig
① Symptoms are characteristically observed creping.
② Secondary infection caused by the blisters burst of hooves on bare skin bacteria on the spot.
③ But is typically not as if the formation of blisters around the mouth of cattle, a large blister on nostril formation is often easier popping.
④ Mortality in piglets is about 50%, and sometimes sow also die.
5. Prevention
① Thoroughly disinfected.
② In spring cloudy day, avoid grazing and water plant feed at the bird migratory area.
③ Prohibits the importation of animal products and artiodactyl animals from foot-and-mouth disease occurred or that country.
④ Overburden national foot-and-mouth disease: use inactivated virus vaccine
1. Agent
Piconaviridae , Aphthovirus RNA virus. In seven major foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes and the 80 subtypes known over a stable pH 7.4-7.6, in an acidic less pH6 or alkalinea more than pH9.5 or is rapidly destroyed. The incubation period is up to 14 days.
< FMDV Serotype, Subtype and Geographical Distribution >
| Serotype | Subtype | Distribution |
| FMD Type A FMD Type O FMD Type C FMD Type SAT-1 FMD Type SAT-2 FMD Type SAT-3 FMD Type Asia-1 |
43 14 5 9 3 4 3 |
World Wide World Wide World Wide Africa Africa Africa Asia, Middle East |
2 .Epidemiology
World wide occurs currently.
3. Mode of Transmission
1) Direct contact, Air transmission
2) Movement of the foot-and-mouth disease infected is a major cause of the transmission at a high speed to a distance.
3) Indirect Transmission : Contaminated housing, vehicles, feces, semen, milk, clothing, bird, person, contaminated food debris (ships, aircraft, etc.).
* High humidity and low temperatures increases the possibility of up to a foot-and-mouth disease propagation distances.
4. Clinical Signs
1) Cattle
① Body temperature increase, anorexia, depressed, shows a drastic reduction of milk production.
② Onset of severe salivation after the infection within 24 hours, observing that the tongue and gums and blisters ③ Blisters is also observed at hoof, interdigit and nipple, etc..
Blisters soon rupture and often progress to skin ulceration revealed.
④ Sometimes mortality in calves less than 6 months by myocarditis, the characteristic lesions that appear in the myocardium is called the tiger heart.
⑤ Morbidity is high and mortality low. Young calf mortality is high compared with adult cow.
⑥ Cow mortality is very low at less than 5% and often caused abortion in pregnant cow.
⑦ Mastitis and milk production quick drop.
2) Pig
① Symptoms are characteristically observed creping.
② Secondary infection caused by the blisters burst of hooves on bare skin bacteria on the spot.
③ But is typically not as if the formation of blisters around the mouth of cattle, a large blister on nostril formation is often easier popping.
④ Mortality in piglets is about 50%, and sometimes sow also die.
5. Prevention
① Thoroughly disinfected.
② In spring cloudy day, avoid grazing and water plant feed at the bird migratory area.
③ Prohibits the importation of animal products and artiodactyl animals from foot-and-mouth disease occurred or that country.
④ Overburden national foot-and-mouth disease: use inactivated virus vaccine
